You are opening a whole new can of worms.
In everyday applications, I see quad-plex with a conductor added, if needed and the manufacturer ampacites of quad used,
If we really get down to brass tacks, most quad (or triplex) used as feeders is actually a "covered" wire and not insulated, so the insulation listed in 310.20 are not applicable.
If it is critical, I'd say you might end up with engineering documentation needed.