Ok then. I'm not sure I understand exactly what those terms mean. Are both acceptable for caulking penetrations ?
The two terms have at times been used interchangeably.
This article seems to be highly regarded as an explanation.
If the foam has an fire resistance rating in hours, it is a firestop material, regardless of its color. If the term "fire caulk" is used to describe it, it is almost certainly firestopping material, but read the label!
There are firestop-rated materials available in gray, red and many other colors, but red seems to be reserved for firestopping caulk only.
Caulks that merely stop drafts and/or water leaks are usually not acceptable, and cost a lot less.
Non-rated "fireblock" materials, including caulk, are intended to fill in gaps in "fire blocks" such as horizontal blocks in walls, etc. They will be non-combustible, but not evaluated on how they react to extended high temperatures. (They might not light but instead crumble, which would not be acceptable for firestopping.
Some firestopping caluks are "intumescent" which means that when exposed to flame they actually expand to fill more space but do not burn or conduct heat well.
An intumescent is a substance that swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in density. Intumescents are typically used in passive fire protection and, in the U.S., require listing and approval use and compliance in their installed configurations in order to comply with the law.