Most conductors today are rated 90?c but we are limited to the terminal rating of the terminals they connect to so that the combination of the conductor and terminal can dissipate the heat that might develop as both the conductor and terminal must play a part in dissipating the heat like in a heat sink, so if the conductors are connected to a terminal with a 75?c rating then the 75?c column can be used, except as was mentioned cables such as NM that limit us to using the 60?c column.
And as Augie mentioned for derating purposes we can use the temperature rating of the conductors for derating purposes, as again most conductors today including NM has a 90?c rating so we can use the Ampacity in the 90? column to derate from.
Also keep in mind that the NEC limits small conductors in 240.4(D) so that a #14 can only be protected by a 15 amp breaker, 20 amps for a #12 and 30 amps for a #10 except when the conductors supply equipment listed in 240.4 (E) or (G) table 240.4(G) as protection for those conductors will be addressed in the sections listed in table 240(G)