GFCI's are required in the area up to 6' from the edge of any sink.
As to spacing look at 210.52(C)
Bathrooms 210.52(D)
GFCI requirement for dwelling Kitchens can also be referenced at:
NEC 2011
210.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for
Personnel. Ground-fault circuit-interruption for personnel
shall be provided as required in 210.8(A) through (C). The
ground-fault circuit-interrupter shall be installed in a
readily accessible location.
(A) Dwelling Units. All 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-
ampere receptacles installed in the locations specified in
210.8(A)(1) through (8) shall have ground-fault circuitinterrupter
protection for personnel.
(6) Kitchens? where the receptacles are installed to serve
the countertop surfaces