FA Signaling, Communication & Indicating Circuits

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Alwayslearningelec

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Which devices in a fire alarm system would each of these circuits serve?

I know there are notification, initiating etc. devices.
 
Without any other info, I would say that notification and indicating circuits would fall in the same category; these would include horns, strobes, and horn/strobes. "Indicating" may refer to lights, printouts, or other indications at a constantly manned station, i.e. not for public alert, but without NFPA 72 in my hands that is a statement based on semantics.

Initiating devices can be either alarms or troubles. Some alarming devices would be smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual pull stations, fire water flow meters, etc. Most often alarming devices will initiate a public address system and engage any life safety devices associated with the alarm, e.g. releasing door locks on egress routes. Trouble devices typically monitor FA wiring for an open circuit not necessarily associated with a building fire, showing an abnormal condition of the normal condition of a building's FA circuitry. Specifically, these devices may be limit switches on fire water valve handles, bypass key switches for FA components, fire water line pressure switches, and the like. Troubles normally provide visual and/or audio indication at FACP's and monitoring stations but do not initiate general public notification.

Depending on the system with which you are working, ground faults in building FA wiring may show up as "troubles," or may be shown explicitly as ground faults.

I would consider communication circuits those that provide indication to offsite monitoring facilities. From memory, fire alarm systems (at least at a certain occupancy threshold) require two POT's that are monitored by a security/fire alarm company or directly by the local fire department. I mention POT's to say that these lines should/may not be routed through an on-site telephone switch or ethernet connection - they should/must be individual copper pairs (been awhile since I've commissioned a fire alarm system). As I recall there are exceptions allowing wireless or radio transmission of alarms and troubles to a remote station, though I can't be any more specific as to these requirements.

Please bear in mind this is from an installation standpoint and not from specific interpretation of NFPA 72. Did you have a more specific question regarding certain devices?
 
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An addition: please note that systems like elevators, HVAC equipment, et al. have specific requirements, though the general descriptions of initiating, communicating, and notifying should follow.

Apparently I missed the editing window...
 
Very simply:

NAC - Notification Appliance Circuits (speakers, horns, strobes, and combination audible/visual devices)

IDC - Initiating Device Circuits (smoke/heat/duct/beam detectors, flame detectors, manual pull stations, waterflow switches, tamper switches...anything that can initiate alarm or supervisory signals)

SLC - Signaling Line Circuits (the addressable wiring from the panel and interconnecting individual NAC and IDC circuits)

Specifications for the performance requirements of these circuits have traditionally been in Chapter 6 of NFPA 72, but in the 2010 edition they have moved to Chapter 23. Interestingly enough, as the years have gone by, the requirements have become more generic and vague (you'll see this when you contrast the 2002 edition with the 2010 edition).

Another major thing to keep in mind is Class A vs. Class B wiring. Class A requires a separate return riser/loop in case there is a fault or short in the wiring to preserve continuity of the performance. Class B does not need the additional riser and is monitored through the use of an end of line resistor.

Hope that helps.
 
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