You are opening a whole new can of worms.
In everyday applications, I see quad-plex with a conductor added, if needed and the manufacturer ampacites of quad used,
If we really get down to brass tacks, most quad (or triplex) used as feeders is actually a "covered" wire and not insulated, so the insulation listed in 310.20 are not applicable.
If it is critical, I'd say you might end up with engineering documentation needed.
There are some good questioins there for discussion. I just don't know the answers.
The "accepted" installations seem to ignore many of the actual Code issues