That breaker number has no meaning though when it comes to requirements in 408.4 other than it can be a key to tell what breaker the same number in the legend relates to. One could easily use some other kind of key, and not all panelboards have numbers stamped next to the breaker positions either.
One could easily label the conductors with names instead of numbers - and it may even make troubleshooting easier, but could make the labels bulkier, and pretty much requires a machine to make such labels otherwise you would really spend some time with just "letter" marker cards.
Numbering conductors same as the breaker space they terminate to could be nothing more than a convenience to whoever makes up the panel, it may already be determined what loads connect to which specific breaker positions, and all that person needs to do is land the conductors on those spots and doesn't really need to pay much attention to anything else.