Re: 2002 verse 2005 NEC Code Books
Here in MI, the State designates the individual Building Departments as the AHJ and that authority is then delegated to the electrical inspector for the governmental subdivision served. This can be the city, township, county, or state inspector. The Board of Appeals has no authority for interpretation of the administration of the code and they can't waive requirements of the code. They do however act as a check and balance for the inspectors, which is as it should be. Inspector's decisions can be appealed to the Board if the issue can't be resolved between the permit holder and the AHJ. If the Building Official or the Board of Appeals is designated as the AHJ, it can become cumbersome to resolve day to day issues relating to inspections. Any interpretations would technically always need to come from the Board rather than the inspector.
That having been said, do inspectors sometimes abuse this authority? Sure, it happens. Just the same as it does with judges, politicians, policemen, and even sometimes foremen on job sites. It's human nature at one of it's lowest ebbs. Not a perfect system, but it's the best one we've got.