(answer based on 2027 code)
You can't use the exception unless you are replacing the existing two wire receptacle with a new two wire receptacle as you can only use the exception when you comply with all 4 list items in the receptacle.
You may comply with (2) depending on the construction of the building. (3) would depend on the existing panel and the availability of an AFCI breaker for that panel. Not sure if dual function receptacles are available, but expect that they are since the exception to 406.4(D)(4) was removed in the 2020 code.
However the deal breaker to the exception is item (1).
(this was edited after I took the time to read the exception)