Re: 25amp breaker with #12 wire
The 20 amp breaker protects the #12 conductors from the breaker to the receptacle. If there were any real reason to replace the breaker with a 25 amp breaker, then you would also have to replace the #12 conductors with #10.
But there is no reason to replace the breaker in this case, as the others have said. Let me add that if you are talking about the attachment cord for the treadmill being a #12, then that is a flexible cord, and it can take over 25 amps with no problems. But once again, the breaker is not there to protect the attachment (flexible) cord, it is there to protect the (permanent) wiring inside the walls.