Three conductors was never a "requirement," more of an allowance. The requirements were either an insulated neutral or SE cable, and fed from the panel containing the service main, not from a sub-panel. Mobile homes have required the 4-wire circuit for decades longer.
I'd say the 60 degree number, unless you have evidence of a higher temperature rating to the contrary. I don't believe a typical range will ever trip a 40a breaker, though.
Those old cables I've seen were always copper, so 55a or 65a.
These are actually aluminum.
You're both right. Some were copper, some were nickel-plated copper, and some were aluminum.
Jeff, with aluminum, I think you're limited to the 40a breaker anyway.