--from a recent post on electric transmission cables on the seabed(as reported below) i present this that you might forward to those of knowledge and interest.
north america generates ac power at 60 cycles per second whereas europe and others use 50 cycles per second as a time base.due to the phase / out of sync difference it would make it possible at times
to have north america on a positive maximum and europe on a negative maximum which would create a voltage difference between systems of 120 volts and all in between.added to this difference would be all manner of surges/spikes/hi frequency transients common on industrial power lines.sometimes for a microsecond values of thousands of volts!
what comes from the generators into some ac loads goes out back to the generating station to complete the circuit.it is not uncommon for the return path to be through ground-mother earth!.this site covers this topic very thoroughly http://www.mikeholt.com/news/archive/html/17/Ground_Currents_09-18-2002.htm
as current takes the path of least resistance or divides through a" path "is it conceivable that there is a continual alternating flow throughout the oceans between the 2 generating systems due to the conductive nature of salt water ?and with this pulsating flow of electric charge(electrons) there is the creation of a pulsating magnetic field.
it has been demonstrated that some known marine life are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic energy and depend on it for guidance/etc .perhaps also this voltage difference could create electrolysis by products in the oceans????
any body got any more insight into this?
>
>
Long Island Power Authority (LIPA)
> has proposed, which would generate electricity in such a way as to necessitate
> the transmission of large loads of high energy electricity on the seabed.
>
> As you will read, such a technology raises genuine questions about the effect
> upon sea life. While I believe this project would not be the first to utilize seabed
> transmission of electricity -- it is fair to ask (as Reba does): Do we really
> know what the risks are ... in such a project, or in this technology???
>
>
>
> ********************************************************************
>
> Richard L. Tomer, Chief
>
> U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
>
> New York District
>
> ATTN. Regulatory Branch, LIPA Offshore Wind Park Application
>
> Jacob Javits Building
>
> New York, NY 10278-0090 August 9, 2005
>
>
>
>
>
> Dear Chief Tomer;
>
> I am a molecular biologist and professor in the Pathology Department at Columbia University. My area of expertise is, and has been, for more than 25 years, the biological effects of electric and magnetic fields on cells, tissues and whole animals. Our experiments have used field strengths from <80mG up to tens of Gauss. Our frequencies have varied from less than 60Hz up to Giga Hertz. We have published widely in such journals as Science and Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.
>
> I tell you all this because it has come to my attention that LIPA has made application for installation of an offshore wind energy generating facility and submarine electric cables. This strikes me as extremely dangerous and foolish in the face of the impact such an installation will have on the ocean waters and the animal and plant life that are contained therein. From our work we know that even 8micraTesla magnetic fields and <11microVolts/mm electric fields induce, within 20 minutes, changes in gene expression. Examples of genes upregulated are pre-cancer genes c-myc, c-src and c-fos and genes associated with the stress response, hsps.
>
> Waters containing plant and animal wild life will be seriously affected by the electric cables and their emissions. Genetic mutations are bound to occur quickly as the evolutionary balance of these organisms will be severely altered and such mutations will , in my opinion, lead to lethality and the death of these waters and the life that they contain. A vast stagnant swamp may be left after not many years and the entire area could be blighted.
>
> I ask that much more scientific investigation be done before any such installation is even thought of. You must get a group of marine biologists, population geneticists, molecular biologist and microbiologists as well as physicists to assess what looks to me like an ecological disaster in the making.
>
> Sincerely yours
>
> Reba Goodman PhD
>
north america generates ac power at 60 cycles per second whereas europe and others use 50 cycles per second as a time base.due to the phase / out of sync difference it would make it possible at times
to have north america on a positive maximum and europe on a negative maximum which would create a voltage difference between systems of 120 volts and all in between.added to this difference would be all manner of surges/spikes/hi frequency transients common on industrial power lines.sometimes for a microsecond values of thousands of volts!
what comes from the generators into some ac loads goes out back to the generating station to complete the circuit.it is not uncommon for the return path to be through ground-mother earth!.this site covers this topic very thoroughly http://www.mikeholt.com/news/archive/html/17/Ground_Currents_09-18-2002.htm
as current takes the path of least resistance or divides through a" path "is it conceivable that there is a continual alternating flow throughout the oceans between the 2 generating systems due to the conductive nature of salt water ?and with this pulsating flow of electric charge(electrons) there is the creation of a pulsating magnetic field.
it has been demonstrated that some known marine life are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic energy and depend on it for guidance/etc .perhaps also this voltage difference could create electrolysis by products in the oceans????
any body got any more insight into this?
>
>
Long Island Power Authority (LIPA)
> has proposed, which would generate electricity in such a way as to necessitate
> the transmission of large loads of high energy electricity on the seabed.
>
> As you will read, such a technology raises genuine questions about the effect
> upon sea life. While I believe this project would not be the first to utilize seabed
> transmission of electricity -- it is fair to ask (as Reba does): Do we really
> know what the risks are ... in such a project, or in this technology???
>
>
>
> ********************************************************************
>
> Richard L. Tomer, Chief
>
> U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
>
> New York District
>
> ATTN. Regulatory Branch, LIPA Offshore Wind Park Application
>
> Jacob Javits Building
>
> New York, NY 10278-0090 August 9, 2005
>
>
>
>
>
> Dear Chief Tomer;
>
> I am a molecular biologist and professor in the Pathology Department at Columbia University. My area of expertise is, and has been, for more than 25 years, the biological effects of electric and magnetic fields on cells, tissues and whole animals. Our experiments have used field strengths from <80mG up to tens of Gauss. Our frequencies have varied from less than 60Hz up to Giga Hertz. We have published widely in such journals as Science and Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.
>
> I tell you all this because it has come to my attention that LIPA has made application for installation of an offshore wind energy generating facility and submarine electric cables. This strikes me as extremely dangerous and foolish in the face of the impact such an installation will have on the ocean waters and the animal and plant life that are contained therein. From our work we know that even 8micraTesla magnetic fields and <11microVolts/mm electric fields induce, within 20 minutes, changes in gene expression. Examples of genes upregulated are pre-cancer genes c-myc, c-src and c-fos and genes associated with the stress response, hsps.
>
> Waters containing plant and animal wild life will be seriously affected by the electric cables and their emissions. Genetic mutations are bound to occur quickly as the evolutionary balance of these organisms will be severely altered and such mutations will , in my opinion, lead to lethality and the death of these waters and the life that they contain. A vast stagnant swamp may be left after not many years and the entire area could be blighted.
>
> I ask that much more scientific investigation be done before any such installation is even thought of. You must get a group of marine biologists, population geneticists, molecular biologist and microbiologists as well as physicists to assess what looks to me like an ecological disaster in the making.
>
> Sincerely yours
>
> Reba Goodman PhD
>
