Article 422.11 (B)

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I'm guessing, it might have something to do with second half of Note 4 to Table 220.55:

4. Branch-Circuit Load. It shall be permissible to calculate the branch-circuit load for one range in accordance with Table 220.55. The branch-circuit load for one wall-mounted oven or one counter-mounted cooking unit shall be the nameplate rating of the appliance. The branch-circuit load for a counter-mounted cooking unit and not more than two wall-mounted ovens, all supplied from a single branch circuit and located in the same room, shall be calculated by adding the nameplate rating of the individual appliances and treating this total as equivalent to one range.
 
I think it is done by the manufacturer. They know if they are making something so large it needs internal subdividing. Some examples:

My HVAC air handler has two built in circuit breakers to divide up power to the 20KW of resistance heat. Two 60A breakers were provided built into the air handler chassis and wired to the heating elements at the factory.

These instant electric water heaters usually want to have multiple branch circuits run to them, and each circuit is usually 40 to 50 amps. They could sell them so you would run a 100 to 120 amp circuit to them if they would install breakers at the factory subdividing the heating elements as required. Seems cheaper and easier to run multiple smaller circuits.
 
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