By the time you replace ALL of the old Bulldog breakers in a 400A panel, you will likely have paid 2x the cost of a new panel and breakers from a non-defunct supplier.
This Cost-Benefit Analysis missed some equipment costs, unless panel flippers do it without permits.
* AFCI Breakers
Without amendment, since 2011 NEC 406.4(D)(4) inspectors may fail remodel outlets missing AFCI, but put red tag on remodel panel.
Inspectors can't force property owners to install AFCI outlets, unless AFCI breakers don't exists for fuse box, which may cost more than Pushmatic / Bulldog replacements.
* Surge protective devices (SPD)
Depending on adopted code cycle, 2020 NEC requires SPD for new fuse box in existing "dwelling units". 2023 NEC 230.67 and 215.18 expands this to dormitory units, guest rooms/suites of hotels/motels, patient sleeping rooms of nursing homes, and limited-care facilities.
* Main breaker no longer common (ie) 400A vs Double 200A
If same size Main is now uncommon, new feeders are required. This is not free if customer owns any part of service raceway.
* Exterior Disconnect
Without existing outside disconnect, new fuse box will trigger service-rated disconnect switch, enclosure, & raceway.
* Proof of 25 Ohm fall-off potential, or Double Ground Rods
If only one ground rod can be found, that second rod & armored electrode is not free.
* Tree Trimming Services
Utility can't force owners to clear obstacles from fuse box working space, untangle trees from utility wires, or fix land subsidence from damaging laterals, unless approving new services.
* Can someone add more -- is there requirements for future Solar expansion?