Does the NEC specify the distance between supports for a type CL2 cable, Class 2 circuit, that is required to be attached to structural components of the building? If there is (or isn't) what is the code reference?
No. This is something that would depend on the particular cable design if anything though I doubt you will find such a spec in the manufacturers literature. Normally, "acceptable workmanship standards" will dictate how and how often to fasten the cable depending on the installation.