I wouldn't have thought the NEC would mention POE specifically, as (a) its relatively recent, and (b) POE uses (or some would say misuses) existing Cat5 cable.
The NEC probably should get with POE, however, as POE can put an amp plus through Cat5 cable, and Cat5s are sometimes bundled very deeply, so if the maimum POE current were being drawn through a lot of Cat5s in a big bundle (eg a building full of IP phones remotely powered), there could be undesirable heating effects.