I've installed lots of conduit and worked on water towers up to 130 ft tall.
The conduit has to be installed per the location and uses allowed.
Rigid is the only type I would use.
The trick is to keep the RMC installation so some one can't use it to climb onto the reservoir. Also on an existing installation, welding to the tank can damage the interior coating.
I've run the RMC next to the ladder with beam clamps. As the ladder often does not reach to the ground, I'll install a SS shallow U shaped box over the conduit.
The distance from the side would be per your safety document, such as OSHA. You are correct there is a certain minimum ladder stand off distance from the reservoir.
Just don't drill the reservoir....