There is not a simple formula but a proceeding.
You have to know a few details of the cable as conductor diameter, insulation thickness, cable core assembly diameter, shield-if any-details, jacket thickness and overall diameter.
You could follow the NEC recommendations-see art.310 if the NEC meets your conditions-earth temperature, earth RHO, duct no.and position and so on. If not, you may proceed as per Neher and McGrath method "The Calculation of the Temperature Rise and Load Capability of Cable Systems".