EMP protection

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In the last month I have had three customers request proposals or requirements for EMP protection of their digital and analog communications and entertainment systems. While I am Familiar with what EMP is, the exact or even theoretical methodology and requirements for shielding electronic equipment eludes me. My research only tends to reducate me on the causes and dangers of EMP, with little or none on how to protect sensitive electronic equipment from it. I could extrapolate from my research a methodology, but I would like to ensure my extrapolation is based on solid practice versus theory. Any insight to this issue is appreciated. Inquiries with local engineers (short of going to Los Alamos) are usually met with derisive laughter, but my customers are serious. With the current political situation in the middle east, one can understand their concern........
 
This is a really interesting question, imho... though you may want ask the derisive engineers you mentioned if they know something you don't before pursuing further!

I don't consider myself terribly familiar with the mechanics of an atmospheric EMP attack... but let me try to describe what I've heard of and what I would do to safeguard against one. Let me know if we're talking about the same thing.

So basically, an EMP attack would involve someone launching a nuclear warhead way high up into the ionosphere, and detonating it. If done properly, the theory goes that the ions floating in the atmosphere that high up would react to this blast by being forced downwards very quickly, creating a rush blanket of charged ions across, presumably, an area as large as the United States.

This rush of ions, flying through most materials (concrete/metal/people) would not harm us as organic creatures, but would induce wildly high and erratic currents in power grids, communications grids, and any electronic devices large and small. On a large scale, power plant generators will explode creating a massive blackout as our power grid becomes useless. On a smaller scale, all cell phones, HVAC/refrigeration equipment, computers, and most vehicles will be rendered partially to completely useless.

What seems evident from this, is that if it's even possible to provide EMP blast protection shielding within the customer's systems, you'll still need to at the minimum isolate any of the customer's communications and power from the grid... On the other hand I thought I had read that an EMP blast would go through nearly everything, including typical "metal cage" shielding as is featured within most PC cases... perhaps something more substantial, like lead panels, might redirect a charge blast of this magnitude?

I'll be watching this thread with interest =).
 
You have reiterated everything I have been able to glean on this subject as far as cause and effect is concerned. I believe that protection from the grid surge is possible using extremely high transcient (a calculation I haven't accomplished primarily because of the unknown warhead yield) surge protection and disconnects coupled with shielded house wiring with the shields tied (one end) to a separate deep earth ground isolated from all other grounding systems in the home. Of course one could possibly use the "Metal cage" technique you described, but again it would seem to me that total system isolation would be required, the idea being to create a CEMF to repel the ION/Magnetic surge by using the induced current flow to the deep ground (a closed circuit loop not being required due to the magnitude of the source). Even the old Bomb Shelter plans of the 50's fail to address this issue, although the technology of that era was vacuum tube technology, which was considered to be less suseptable to EMP. It would seem to me that a totally isolated auxiliary system would be most productive, ensure that even the local generating system was shielded. As an extra thought, how would EMP affect Photovoltaic (PV) systems. I assume that even PV systems would suffer system failure , expecially those tied to the grid, but what of they are isolated from all other systems until needed, such as an emergency source? With out a closed circuit it would seem that any potentials induced would due little or no damage without high current flow to fry the circuits......
 
You have reiterated most of what I have learned from my research, except that the burst does not have to be high altitude to create EMP but that any burst will create it. My research indicated that EMP is a byproduct of the reaction (similar to Gamma Rays). I would be happy that your version were true because of the less physical damaging effects (but hey, nukes are nukes and they're all bad). My research also indicated that the effect is more magnetic than ionic although what you described seems more likely. Either way, your response indicates to me a multi faceted issue to deal with: the way I see it:

1) Protection of the home from grid induced EMP surge

2) Protection of the equipment itself from EMP.

It seems to me that protection of the actual home wiring would be possible with an extremely high transcient protection device that would shunt the surge to a separate deep earth ground. Using standard surge protection devices that shunt surges to ground would not work because the typical grounding systems in a home would be inducing high potentials from the pulse as well. Another problem would be induced potentials from the wiring downstream of the surge protection. Going on this line of thought, it would seem to me that an isolated auxilary circuit, Protected by a high transcient surge protecting device or disconnect, using shielded (mesh woven) cable with the shield tied on one end to a separate deep earth ground may serve the purpose in protecting the electrical supply portion of the equipment from pulse related failure. Of course the magnitude of the surge is dependant on the intensity of the blast.

With respect to shielding of the equipment itself, the metal cage concept may work provided you used a double cage type of concept or better a mesh type grid grounded to a separate deep earth ground that would allow an induced current to create a CEMF to build a magnetic shield around the protected equipment. Of course all this is supposition from my knowledge of electrodynamics and magnetic theory (which may be collected on the head of a pin).

What I have noted above is symplistic at best. I am sure that one of our fine military engineers could provide some insight, as the military surely has taken this very issue into account in the design and use of it muriad electrionic devices on the battlefield and open seas.

While we're on the subject, what would be the EMP damage to a PhotoVoltaic (PV) system not connected to the grid, but in a standbye mode or emergency mode( ie; totally disconnected until needed)?
 
OKAY...sorry about the double feedback above....thought the first was lost.....thank you for the reference......checked it out and it has everything I need......don't think I will need any further input on this as this site has it all....Think I may stick this under the nose of those derisive engineers I talked to earlier....Thank you so much....
 
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