eufer grounds

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robdols

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I'm being told by an inspector that I must use a eufer ground on new residential construction. I interpret 250-50 to say I can use any of several grounding electrodes, I just have to use supplementals or any of those available on site must be bonded together. Ergo, I should be allowed a ground and cold water bond.
My major problem is these houses are complete, there's no way to get to the slab rebar.
Who's correct?
 
Re: eufer grounds

You are. A NFPA formal interpretation 78-4 states the ufer ground does not have to be used, even if available. If you have the NFPA handbook look on page 194, or you can find it at the NFPA website.
Unless of course local codes overide, such as in Oregon.
 
Re: eufer grounds

Originally posted by tom baker:
You are. A NFPA formal interpretation 78-4 states the ufer ground does not have to be used, even if available.
Tom - I read 78-4 to say that you are not required to make a Ufer available (i.e., if it is already in the concrete, you don't have to chisel it out)....however, 250.50 says IF AVAILABLE, you SHALL use the Ufer.

Many jurisdictions require a Ufer to be installed prior to 'the pour', thus making it available...and since it is now available, you are then required per 250.50 to use it. [These jurisdictions are not using the NEC to make the Ufer available, they are requiring it through the Planning Dept. approval process - then at 'foundation inspection', the inspectors look for it and do not approve 'the pour' until the Ufer is installed].
 
Re: eufer grounds

After 27 years CMP5 finally "clarified" the text of 250.50 in the 2005 NEC. The FI will be withdrawn.

See the full CMP Chairman Reports here. These reports may generally be used to determine CMP intent along with the ROP/ROCs.

Edit Add: BTW this has been the intent since 1978.

[ August 11, 2004, 10:14 PM: Message edited by: rbalex ]
 
Re: eufer grounds

If you have a ufer ground do you still need a water and ground rod ground.Also had an inspector fail me for only one ground rod and a water ground. Was he right?
 
Re: eufer grounds

Originally posted by jersey:
If you have a ufer ground do you still need a water and ground rod ground.
If the building has a metal underground water pipe in direct contact with the earth for 10 ft or more you need to use it.

250.50 Grounding Electrode System.
If available on the premises at each building or structure served, each item in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6) shall be bonded together to form the grounding electrode system. Where none of these electrodes are available, one or more of the electrodes specified in 250.52(A)(4) through (A)(7) shall be installed and used.
Originally posted by jersey:
Also had an inspector fail me for only one ground rod and a water ground. Was he right?
Yes he was right if the water pipe was the only electrode you had.

If you only have a water pipe at a structure you must supplement it with an additional rod.

250.53(D)(2) Supplemental Electrode Required. A metal underground water pipe shall be supplemented by an additional electrode of a type specified in 250.52(A)(2) through (A)(7). Where the supplemental electrode is a rod, pipe, or plate type, it shall comply with 250.56. The supplemental electrode shall be permitted to be bonded to the grounding electrode conductor, the grounded service-entrance conductor, the nonflexible grounded service raceway, or any grounded service enclosure.
Notice it says it has to comply with 250.56

250.56 Resistance of Rod, Pipe, and Plate Electrodes.
A single electrode consisting of a rod, pipe, or plate that does not have a resistance to ground of 25 ohms or less shall be augmented by one additional electrode of any of the types specified by 250.52(A)(2) through (A)(7). Where multiple rod, pipe, or plate electrodes are installed to meet the requirements of this section, they shall not be less than 1.8 m (6 ft) apart.
This leaves you with two choices

1)Prove to the inspector that the one rod has a resistance to ground of 25 ohms or less.

or

2)Install the second rod and forget about buying the ground rod tester that is needed to prove the 25 ohms or less. A normal ohmmeter will not work for this test.

[ August 15, 2004, 09:31 AM: Message edited by: iwire ]
 
Re: eufer grounds

If you are involved with the construction of the house from the beginning, and use the concrete encased ground, you will not have to drive any ground rods, as this is one of the permitted 'supplemental' grounds required in 250.53(D)(2). Lets say you are involved with a number of houses or condos being constructed, this would be very beneficial time wise.
Also, if there is steel that is effectively grounded in the house, you can also use that as the supplemental ground.

Pierre
 
Re: eufer grounds

Bob, I am going to argue with you a little bit. :D
After 27 years CMP5 finally "clarified" the text of 250.50 in the 2005 NEC. The FI will be withdrawn.
Bob. this is not being clarified, it is being changed. The formal interpretation is from the code making panel and was their interpretation before the 2005 change.
See the full CMP Chairman Reports here. These reports may generally be used to determine CMP intent along with the ROP/ROCs.
The intent of the code making panels is not important until a formal interpretation is made. The written words are to be interpreted by the AHJ and the courts.
Edit Add: BTW this has been the intent since 1978.
See my previous statement about intent. :D
 
Re: eufer grounds

In responce to: "If you have a ufer ground do you still need a water and ground rod ground."

Like iwire say's (Hi Bob) you'll probably need to bond the water pipe.

As for needing to add a rod:

250.50 second sentance: Where NONE of these electrodes are available, one or more of the electrodes specified blah blah blah (I'll probably catch heat for what I'm doing to this code) Shall be installed and used.

I think you have a 250.52(A)(3) already. So if 250.50 can stand on it's own and not be dissassembled by some other code, the way I'm reading it, You don't need to add a rod. :cool:
 
Re: eufer grounds

Thank you Charlie, hearing that from a moderator gets me right here!

Iwire told me my signature was causing a problem. I have addressed this and hopefully it's repaired. If it's still a problem please let me know.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

[ August 16, 2004, 02:04 AM: Message edited by: physis ]
 
Re: eufer grounds

this is academic or moot at this point, but here goes. :D
After reading the FI (which I lost and can't quote), it seemed to me that they were saying that the rebar used for reinforcement of the concrete does not have to used as the electrode. No more no less.
The question did not address whether or not you had to put an electrode in the footing while it's still open.

btw, thanks to rbalex for linking to the FI's a while back
 
Re: eufer grounds

I'm running into a similar situation. 1970's home. Trying to upgrade from 100amp to 200amp service. Homeowner plans on doing the work himself, but discovered that the system is no longer grounded since the previous homeowner changed from copper to CPVC pipes. I discovered that the braided grounding wire is now clamped to a 6 inch piece of copper pipe which is mounted under one of the joists in the basement.

Can the homeowner splice into the existing braided ground wire and run it another 25 feet to the copper water pipe that enters the home, or does he need to plant two electrodes in the ground and run the ground wire from the circuit breaker box, through the area between his sill plate and the home, to get it outside?

Any help would be appreciated.
 
Re: eufer grounds

Originally posted by haywood:
I'm running into a similar situation. 1970's home. Trying to upgrade from 100amp to 200amp service. Homeowner plans on doing the work himself, but discovered that the system is no longer grounded since the previous homeowner changed from copper to CPVC pipes. I discovered that the braided grounding wire is now clamped to a 6 inch piece of copper pipe which is mounted under one of the joists in the basement.

Can the homeowner splice into the existing braided ground wire and run it another 25 feet to the copper water pipe that enters the home, or does he need to plant two electrodes in the ground and run the ground wire from the circuit breaker box, through the area between his sill plate and the home, to get it outside?

Any help would be appreciated.
The Grounding Electrode Conductor (GEC) may not be spliced except by irreversible means such as a Hi Press but connector made up with the proper tool.

He will have to run a continuous GEC from the neutral buss in the Service Equipment enclosure to the nearest electrode. He can then run the GEC either from the neutral buss as a separate GEC to the other electrode or from the nearest electrode on to the second electrode and so on. The GEC can go to the outside of the building by any available pathway that keeps it as short as practicable. It does not have to run through the sill plate. The only reason to use driven rods is if none of the named electrodes other than the water piping is already available.
 
Re: eufer grounds

Originally posted by charlie:
Bob, I am going to argue with you a little bit. :D ...
Hey Charlie,

Sorry I missed your earlier post, I?ve been ?internet indisposed? this last week or so.

A little bit of argument is good ? it keeps us both on our toes :D Hopefully instead, I?ll just give a little bit of history of where I?m coming from. Unfortunately, I just don?t have the documentation my mentor had. I can?t even remember what it was called then. I believe it was even pre-TCD/TCR.

In any case, when the current text came out originally, my mentor (Joe Dudor, before he passed away he was on CMP15) claimed the documents required structural rebar to be bonded into the GES. The text sure looked that way. Since we designed facilities that used literally hundreds of tons of rebar and the projects often lasted 3-5 years, the obvious question was, ?What about foundations we?ve already designed / installed?? As you know, the NEC is already rather vague about retroactivity; and many jurisdictions were just as vague. Since we were a nationwide contractor, we dealt with many jurisdictions. We began to contact them.

Before the FI, AHJs told us, more often than not, that all rebar must be ?made available.? The primary reason seemed to be that no one really understood the necessity for the new text in the first place. That is, if not requiring rebar to be ?made available? for bonding is safe, why require it at all? So - many of the AHJ?s opted for the concept that it must be a hard requirement whether they knew why or not. The rebar was certainly on the premises, so that meant they were ?available? whether they were under 2? or more of concrete or not and thus they must be bonded to the GES.

Remember the ?scope? of the NEC is practical safety. It became obvious that the issue was not between ?safe and unsafe,? but between ?safe and safer.? It's simple to draw a line between ?safe and unsafe,? but where the issue is between ?safe and safer? it's reasonable to consider the cost effectiveness of "safer." ?Cost effectiveness? isn?t always an AHJ concern though and the need for the FI was clear.

In any case, one of the advantages of being a large multi-disciplined EPC was that we were able to coordinate rebar bonding easily. We actually used that as a sales point for a few years. :D

There are still two issues in my mind. One, even back then, the ?Regulations Governing Committee Projects? had a requirement similar to this:

6-5 Action Following Issuance of Formal Interpretation. Any TC whose Document has been the subject of a Formal Interpretation shall prepare a committee proposal clarifying the text of the Document involved or report to the Standards Council its rationale as to why it believes clarification is not required. The TC shall process such proposal in conformance with procedures set forth in 4-3, and after issuance of the next edition the Interpretation shall no longer be published.
Why has it taken 27 years? While the text has certainly changed with the 2005 Code, I firmly maintain that it was the intent since the FI.

Second, if the new exception is valid and permitting existing rebar installations to remain unbonded is safe, why is the basic rule mandatory for rebar? In other words, the question that started it all, is still out there.

[ August 20, 2004, 11:15 PM: Message edited by: rbalex ]
 
Re: eufer grounds

Hi Guys,

IMO:
The concrete encased electrode is often mistaken as "rebar being bonded" which is not the case.

A Grounding Electrode System may consist of 7 items on a premises. If all 7 of these items will be present on the premises served, all 7 of the items shall be bonded together to form the grounding electrode system. At least one of the items 1, 2 or 3 must be present or one or more of the items numbered 4, 5, 6 or 7 shall be installed and used.

1. A metal underground water pipe........
2. The metal frame of the building or structure.......
3. A concrete foundation or footing that is in direct contact with the earth. The concrete shall have one of the following, 20 feet of one or more bare or zinc galvanized or other electrically conductive coated steel reinforcing bars or rods of not less than 1/2" in diameter or 20 feet of bare copper conductor not smaller than 4 AWG. Both types must be encased by at least 2" of concrete and located within and near the bottom of a concrete foundation or footing.
4. A ground ring encircling......
5. Rod and pipe electrodes ......
6. Plate Electrodes. .......
7. Other local metal underground systems.......
Rebar is only one of the two available methods for making a UFER.
 
Re: eufer grounds

Dave, correct. Often when a Ufer ground is reference it is refering to a concrete encased rebar. However, the orginal IEEE 1963 paper by H Ufer used the test results from a 20ft length of a 4 AWG bare solid copper conductor in the footing.
 
Re: eufer grounds

In Oregon you are required to use a uefer for any structure, unless you have a certified testing company test the impedance of the electrodes. The Impedance must be 25 Ohms. The soil in most parts of the state are too dry for most electrodes to be affective.
 
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