Fault Current in HRG systems

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SteveBB

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Hello,

For whatever reasons throughout my career, circumstantial I presume, I've not been involved in any projects at a facility that has utilized a high resistance to ground. I have a project that just kicked off for a client. I've yet to visit the site personally, but am asking for some base feedback prior to my visit from you knowledgeable folks here.

A question that came up, in regards to an equipment vendor that has a machine SCCR rated at 25kA, is that one of the facility electrical engineers has basically stated that he prefers a higher rating but that the upstream OCPD through coordination efforts would mitigate the "low" SCCR.

That struck me as odd, because if the facility has an HRG system, wouldn't any fault currents be essentially negligent? I was under the assumption that was one of the benefits of HRG. Unfortunately for me project schedule and cost is not going to give much wiggle room for coordination efforts after the fact as most distribution equipment is going to be ordered and installed likely before we get final vendor equipment ratings.

Granted, I'd rather the asset be higher than 25kA simply because the particular client has an established track record of moving equipment to other facilities, which are, in my experience usually not an HRG implementation.

Assuming I am correct above, my feedback to the team is that essentially the 25kA is fine because the facility is HRG. I'm not going to hinge project success on being able to coordinate on the fly during installation. Either the HRG is going to determine the 25kA is fine or I'm going to push the vendor to up the SCCR.

Any feedback is appreciated.
 
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... A question that came up, in regards to an equipment vendor that has a machine SCCR rated at 25kA, is that one of the facility electrical engineers has basically stated that he prefers a higher rating but that the upstream OCPD through coordination efforts would mitigate the "low" SCCR.

... if the facility has an HRG system, wouldn't any fault currents be essentially negligent? ...

Assumption: 480V Wye, normal HRG resistance is 55 ohms.

As you know:
An HRG system has a resistor between the Wye neutral and the equipment grounding connection. So, if a fault between a phase and ground (usually premisis steel - not earth), the current is limited by the N-G resistor, to 5A. No damage, just a ground fault indicator comes on. Fault can be there for ever - no damage. If a second ground fault (different phase) occurs, then the fault is now phase to phase. And that is a FAULT. Yes, it is a good idea to fix the first before the second happens.

So, single a line-ground fault is inconsequential, L-L faults have the all of available SCC feeding the fault.

The facility engineer's statement of his "preference" doesn't make any sense. (Unless he is discussing series rating - if so that is a different subject) Either the equipment is rated for the Available SCC or it is not. Calculate the Available SCC at the point of connection. Is it greater than 25kA? If it is greater than 25kA the equipment is not suitable.

... ... Granted, I'd rather the asset be higher than 25kA simply because the particular client has an established track record of moving equipment to other facilities, which are, in my experience usually not an HRG implementation. .....
This strictly a case of specification. Does your specification say you must select equipment based on "what might happen tomorrow"? If so issue a change order, "Equipment shall have a minimum SCCR of 100ka because that is the absolute most it could be subject to in any plant". If not, well, you said there was not a lot of extra money - specify to fit the application.

... ... my feedback to the team is that essentially the 25kA is fine because the facility is HRG. I'm not going to hinge project success on being able to coordinate on the fly during installation. Either the HRG is going to determine the 25kA is fine or I'm going to push the vendor to up the SCCR.....
HRG does not change the Line-to-Line available fault current... No need to "coordinate on the fly" - calculate now. I certainly would not base the rating on preference.

ice
 
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A question that came up, in regards to an equipment vendor that has a machine SCCR rated at 25kA, is that one of the facility electrical engineers has basically stated that he prefers a higher rating but that the upstream OCPD through coordination efforts would mitigate the "low" SCCR.
...
If the equipment has an OCPD, then you can't use an upstream device to reduce the available fault current unless the the two overcurrent protective devices are part of a listed series combination system.
 
HRG does not change the Line-to-Line available fault current... No need to "coordinate on the fly" - calculate now. I certainly would not base the rating on preference.

ice

Thanks, that's basically it. I was not sure if fault currents would still be an issue in the HRG regarding the L-L faults and you confirmed my suspicion. I agree with you in that we need to calculate now and have the equipment suitably rated. Equipment is often specified long before we have the data to calculate things like fault currents, typically there is a blanket requirements that is usually high enough and often overkill, and other times non-engineers send equipment specifications out because the project is a "secret" and then, well....

I appreciate the feedback.
 
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