You won't find such a code section in the NEC.
This situation would be addressed by the building codes.
I would recommend checking with your local AHJ for the requirements in your area because the requirements can be very different from area to area.
If you are working under the IRC (International Residential Code) then there is nothing that prohibits installing boxes back to back in the garage separation wall. The IRC does not treat this wall as a true fire rated assembly, but instead requires 1/2" sheetrock or equivalent to be installed on the garage side of the wall.
Hope this helps
Chris