Re: garage panel
If this sub panel has breakers or fuses, then it is fed with a feeder and not a branch circuit. If this garage is detached, then a ground electrode system is required when fed by a feeder. You don't have to pull a #10 grounding wire as long as there are no grounded metal paths between the garage and house.
If this is an attached garage, you're missing an equipment grounding wire (its not optional in this case), but no ground electrode system would be required.