I do have the code book. 406.9 says nothing about GFCIs. The requirement for GFCIs outdoors comes from 210.8. What 406.9 requires for damp locations is an enclosure that is weatherproof when the plug is removed and the cover is closed. For 15 and 20 amp receptacle outlets in wet locations, the cover must be weatherproof whether or not the plug is inserted. For other than 15 and 20 amp receptacles in wet locations, the cover must be weatherproof whether or not the plug is inserted, unless it is intended to be used only while the device being plugged in is attended by a person (e.g., portable tools).