There is nothing in the code that says you can't do that. There is nothing specific that says you can, but the language in 300.4(G) suggests that you can.
300.4(G) ... Conduit bushings constructed wholly of insulating material shall not be used to secure a fitting or raceway. ...
IMO, you can. There are a few places in the Code where a locknut on the inside and outside are accept table (250.97 for one) but unless specified like that it would appear the bond bush would bond the conduit/nipple and create a effective grounding path
If it weren't allowed, then transitioning from PVC box to EMT would be practically prohibited. The boxes are too thick, amd the EMT connectors too short, to get both a regular lock ring and a grounding bushing on.
Not part of the original question.
You application may be able to use a grounding locknut. It's an option depending on the installation requirements.
There are other options as well.