Grounding/Bonding data center cabinets

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Standards (e.g. TIA942, IEEE 1100) aside, doesn't the NEC 250 & 645 require data center cabinet/racks be grounded? (I'm speaking of the sheet metel, frames, etc.) And if so, what is the propoer way? I basically have a data center manager who belives they do not have to be.

DH
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Without the book in front of me...I do not believe they have to be, but it is good practice to. I usually see a grounding bus with a conductor to building steel. Some equipment may also accomplish the grounding thru the plug and receptacle. I have not seen the TIA or IEEE standards.
 
i have never heard of that requirement? computer floors are sometimes "spec'ed" to be grounded as well copper clad walls! considering that every electrified unit's frame is grounded what would be the reasoning, remember many racks are on wheels and movable.......
 
Well I have some expertise in this field since I have been designing data center protective grounding systems for about 30+ years.

The simple answer is: It is a design issue period. If the equipment racks/frames/cabinets or whatever you want to call them have AC powered equipment installed in them that are bonded electrically to the frames and have the proper EGC ran with the circuits, there is no further requirement period. The EGC ran with the circuit conductors satisfy any NEC requirement.

However most data centers have some form of Supplemental grounding scheme. For example if there is DC power being used in the equipment racks, then it would be required to have a Frame Ground to each rack originating from what is sometimes called a Master Ground Bar that bonds the battery return buss of the DC plant and associated framework. This type of supplemental ground would be needed to operate OCPD associated with the DC power.

Another antiquated grounding scheme is a Signal Reference Grid. However there usefulness has been antiquated by moving away unbalanced signal transmission forms like RS-232 and coax based systems and replaced with balanced or optical transmission forms like Ethernet and fiber optics.

Another very elaborate form is Isolated Ground Planes and is similar to DC grounding and Signal reference grids where every equipment rack is eclectically isolated from all building components like the concrete floor, structural steel, raceways, pipes, etc. The AC powered equipment is even insulated from the equipment racks. This leaves the cabinets completely floating like it was magically suspended in the air free of any conductive paths whatsoever. Then you use pretty much the same method you would use for DC powered equipment or SRG?s by connecting the frames to what would be called a Ground Window bar.

My best advice is walk away unless you know what you are doing and trying to accomplish. Otherwise you are likely to do more harm than good.
 
Thanks for replies all. Since raising this question this AM I have been surfing the web for add'l input. Found a Mike Holt article back from 2/6/2006 EC&M Magazine titled "Article 645 - Code Basics" see below or ( http://68.225.22.180/mojonewsarchive/NEC-HTML/HTML/Article645CodeBasics~20030102.htm ). Am I off in my interpretation of his comments? Sounds like all ITE metal parts must be grounded. Perhaps I'm not undertsnading to what degree. Article follows:

"Grounding

This is an area where many people create conditions hazardous to equipment and people. It is typical for installation manuals to be well-intentioned, but wrong. Don?t choose between following safe grounding practices and following an incorrect manual. Contact the manufacturer and explain why you must follow Article 250. Document the discussion. If you are a contractor, work with your customer on this issue. In a negligence trial, Article 250 will carry more weight than a manufacturer?s manual. For one thing, Article 250 is backed by IEEE-142 and other industry standards, as well as basic engineering concepts like Ohm?s Law and Kirchoff?s Law. A manufacturer?s manual that conflicts with Article 250 also conflicts with industry standards and engineering fundamentals.

[645.15] You must ground metal parts of an information technology system per the requirements of Article 250. This does not mean driving a ground rod and calling the system grounded. You need to bond your ITE grounding bus to the main grounding system. Where signal reference structures are installed, you must bond them to the equipment grounding system provided for the ITE. You can?t consider power derived from listed ITE as separately derived for applying 250.20(D).

Remember, electricity is always trying to get back to the source, not the earth. If you use earth as your bonding jumper, the impedance path to actual ground may be several million or billion ohms higher than it should be. This means noise and undesirable current will seek other paths, per Kirchoff?s Law. Those paths include the backplanes of circuit cards in the ITE itself. Undesired current will circulate in equipment neutrals rather than dissipate to ground. If you fail to bond back to the source, you also create a shock hazard.

What about isolated grounding receptacles? Most people misapply these, and thus add more noise to the system while leaving a shock hazard for end-users. See 250.146(D) and 406.2(D) for the requirements for isolated grounding-type receptacles.

You can sum up Article 645 into a few key concepts. First, it pertains only to rooms that meet certain requirements, regardless of what equipment they contain. Second, you must fasten branch circuit power conductors securely in place. You don?t need to secure other cabling in place, but you must ensure it is protected from damage. Third, you must meet disconnect requirements that allow for a quick shut-off from the exit. The last concept to know is that grounding is grounding-apply Article 250."
 
What I believe Mike is referring too (99.9% certain) is manufactures an miss-informed ill conceived attempts at isolated grounding thinking the Communications ground system should be completely isolated from the facility Ground Electrode System.

The only time you would have to ground an equipment rack with a supplemental ground is if the equipment rack contained passive equipment and has no equipment grounding conductor supplied by and AC circuits. A good example would be a patch panel for Ethernet or CATV patch panels.
 
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