What are the criteria for rating flexible cords for extra hard service vs. hard service, and where does this definition appear? I don't find the definition in the NEC, is it a UL thing?
I'm not sure about the critera for the ratings, but this is covered in Article 400, and Table 400.4. An example is SO cord, which is rated extra-hard service, while an SJ cord is not.
One would hope they'd define it: There ought to be some parameters, like conductivity, flexibility, abrasion resistance, compression resistance, temperature resistance, something! For example, does a 200-lb. person stepping on a cord constitute hard service or extra hard service? Or does extra hard service allow for a cord to be run over by a triaxle on 3/4" processed stone at 40 below zero?