heat trace resistance

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Capacitorx

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scenario,at work the mechanical contractor ran the heat trace lines for boiler and chiller lines on roof and made all the splices.well the mechanical contractor has now subbed the completion of this job to us,one word nightmare, anyway heres the specifics.4, heat trace lines ran on a roof each about 500 ft long with no branches but theres 1 to 2 splices in each line and of coarse the end caps.its rated at 5 watts per foot 32 A max.so first thing was to megger test each one and so i did.most of the circuits were reading about 2k megs between inner conductor to outer braid all except one which for both inners to braid was under 1 meg so i looked into that circuit and found that the end cap was not installed properly they never striped the outer conductor or cut out the braid so strands were making some contact between outer braid and inner conductor .i found 2 lines were done like this well actually the one didnt even have a end cap put on at all.but the real problem is on every line between inner to inner i was getting about only 5 to 10 ohms on each one which puzzed me basicly it seemed to be dead shorted on every line inner to inner.we did the math and came up with thirty ohms at 2500 watts with the amperage at about 9.but i wasnt sure because i thought it would only be thirty with voltage applied.when i fixed the 2 that had end cap problems both those lines went to 1000 ohms each.which i thot was way high but better than a dead short unless there are bad splices in both of those lines.but the other 2 lines still remain at 5 to 10 ohms even after i checked their end caps but there are splices in all of these line and they are buried under the insulation the mech contractor never labeled the outer jacket of the insulation to signify where the splices are.can anyone help me with this its giving me a giant headache?oh the maker of the ht is raychem.
 
scenario,at work the mechanical contractor ran the heat trace lines for boiler and chiller lines on roof and made all the splices.well the mechanical contractor has now subbed the completion of this job to us,one word nightmare, anyway heres the specifics.4, heat trace lines ran on a roof each about 500 ft long with no branches but theres 1 to 2 splices in each line and of coarse the end caps.its rated at 5 watts per foot 32 A max.so first thing was to megger test each one and so i did.most of the circuits were reading about 2k megs between inner conductor to outer braid all except one which for both inners to braid was under 1 meg so i looked into that circuit and found that the end cap was not installed properly they never striped the outer conductor or cut out the braid so strands were making some contact between outer braid and inner conductor .i found 2 lines were done like this well actually the one didnt even have a end cap put on at all.but the real problem is on every line between inner to inner i was getting about only 5 to 10 ohms on each one which puzzed me basicly it seemed to be dead shorted on every line inner to inner.we did the math and came up with thirty ohms at 2500 watts with the amperage at about 9.but i wasnt sure because i thought it would only be thirty with voltage applied.when i fixed the 2 that had end cap problems both those lines went to 1000 ohms each.which i thot was way high but better than a dead short unless there are bad splices in both of those lines.but the other 2 lines still remain at 5 to 10 ohms even after i checked their end caps but there are splices in all of these line and they are buried under the insulation the mech contractor never labeled the outer jacket of the insulation to signify where the splices are.can anyone help me with this its giving me a giant headache?oh the maker of the ht is raychem.

Raychem does not make a constant resistance heater, only a self limiting heater. A constant resistance heater would give you the approximate value of what you expect based on your calc's, but self limiting heater works differently. As the heat producing material - irradiated polymer sandwiched between the two bus conductors - heats up the resistance keeps increasing in a logarithmic ratio, so you start out with a large inrush current that diminishes very rapidly and achieves an equilibrium where the heat output and resistance stabilizes. The benefit of the self limiting cable is that it does not put out more heat than needed - the heat loss through the insulation - , but if you have an area where the insulation is weak(airgaps) it will put out more heat, and where there is more insulation than designed or the product is hotter than the design calls for, the heat output is reduced.
 
Heat trace

Heat trace

But isnt 5ohms to low,and wat about the,other 2 circuits which were 1k at about the same length as the other should I deduce that the 5 to 10 omh circuits are probably correct and the two at 1k probably have bad splices in them?
 
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