If there is a reflector or lens involved, almost certainly. In those cases, the filament is designed to be a precise distance from the reflector/lens, and precise height above the base.
In addition to Gadfly's comment, which is the biggest issue, you also want to note the lamp orientation; some are universal burn, some are horizontal, and some are vertical only.
You need to look at a cut sheet for your luminaire to find out what lamps are suitable and in what orientation. Grab the lamp ID of it and look it up in GE's or OSRAM's catalog to get additional info if you don't have a make/model for the luminaire.