How to size a generator

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JoeNorm

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Are there resources I can be pointed to on how to size a small generator for residential backup use? I know the loads but what I am unclear on is how much I should oversize the generator as to not overload it all the time. I could wing it and hope for the best but I'd like to to size it properly and know it will work well.

Any rules of thumb out there that may be helpful? Thanks
 
Might want to try this Generac site

 
What type of generator and are you planning on running the entire house on it?
In this case I will not be running the whole house. Just lights, a mini-split heat pump, and well pump. I would have an interlock in the panel and the customer would operate loads manually.

But........I am also very curious how to size for a whole home. Same as sizing a service?
 
Are there resources I can be pointed to on how to size a small generator for residential backup use? I know the loads but what I am unclear on is how much I should oversize the generator as to not overload it all the time. I could wing it and hope for the best but I'd like to to size it properly and know it will work well.

Any rules of thumb out there that may be helpful? Thanks
What kind of loads are we talking? Electric heat? Electric water heater? What are your large loads? In most cases, a 20kW generator will do a whole house with non electric heating. You can use a service rated ATS between the meter and main panel and. It have to worry about switching on which breakers or overloading.




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But........I am also very curious how to size for a whole home. Same as sizing a service?
Basically, anything that can turn on by itself or be left on must be considered, like lights, HVAC, cooking, water heater, etc.

A clothes dryer with a start push button is an example of a load that need not be considered,, because it can't restart itself.
 
No matter what size PORTABLE generator you get you will not be able to run a central AC unit (even if it has a 50A receptacle on it - just a point of info). You can probably run a fairly small mini-split without a problem. Usually with a 30A, 120/240V output on a generator you can run pretty much anything in the house (within reason). The biggest draws in your case will be the mini-split, well pump and the fridge. Anything beyond that shouldn't be a problem unless you try to run EVERYTHING at the same time. The breaker on the generator will let you know when you have too much running. :cool:
 
No matter what size PORTABLE generator you get you will not be able to run a central AC unit (even if it has a 50A receptacle on it - just a point of info). You can probably run a fairly small mini-split without a problem. Usually with a 30A, 120/240V output on a generator you can run pretty much anything in the house (within reason). The biggest draws in your case will be the mini-split, well pump and the fridge. Anything beyond that shouldn't be a problem unless you try to run EVERYTHING at the same time. The breaker on the generator will let you know when you have too much running. :cool:
Actually, given the overload characteristics of typical breakers, it is just as likely that the prime mover will overload and lug down or overheat before the breaker trips, as long as the overload is not large enough to activate the thermal trip quickly.
 
No matter what size PORTABLE generator you get you will not be able to run a central AC unit (even if it has a 50A receptacle on it - just a point of info). You can probably run a fairly small mini-split without a problem. Usually with a 30A, 120/240V output on a generator you can run pretty much anything in the house (within reason). The biggest draws in your case will be the mini-split, well pump and the fridge. Anything beyond that shouldn't be a problem unless you try to run EVERYTHING at the same time. The breaker on the generator will let you know when you have too much running. :cool:
I've run my 3 ton central AC from my portable generator without issue. I also ran my parents 2.5 ton AC for three days from the same generator along with other basic things in the house. Generac 8Kw run, 10Kw starting current.
 
No matter what size PORTABLE generator you get you will not be able to run a central AC unit (even if it has a 50A receptacle on it - just a point of info). You can probably run a fairly small mini-split without a problem. Usually with a 30A, 120/240V output on a generator you can run pretty much anything in the house (within reason). The biggest draws in your case will be the mini-split, well pump and the fridge. Anything beyond that shouldn't be a problem unless you try to run EVERYTHING at the same time. The breaker on the generator will let you know when you have too much running. :cool:
Before I installed my whole house generator I ran this house with an 7500W, 9000 surge generator. It would run one of the three ton AC units, but not both.
Also ran refrigerator, lights, etc. light loads At the same time.
Could not run well, or water heater at the same time as AC. Had to pick and choose what to run..
I will admit though, the generator did not like the clothes dryer…
 
customer would operate loads manually

There is the trick!

Thus, generator size depends on training or knowledge of the customer.

Installed only a small emergency 1.8 kW small gen for son's house, was able to run everything except heat pump and elec dryer (gas HWH, etc) in sequence separately of course.
Also of course, he had a bank of switches to select which fridge or freezer of the gas furnace to be in operation. Turn on too many and genset stalled out and manual restart (pull the cord, etc) Simply set up a bank of 3 way switches - one side to genset, the other to main panel. No overall transfer switch, only one appliance at a time switched downstream of main breaker load CBs.
 
customer would operate loads manually

There is the trick!
Thus, generator size depends on training or knowledge of the customer.

Installed only a small emergency 1.8 kW small gen for son's house, was able to run everything except heat pump and elec dryer (gas HWH, etc) in sequence separately of course.
Also of course, he had a bank of switches to select which fridge or freezer of the gas furnace to be in operation. Turn on too many and genset stalled out and manual restart (pull the cord, etc) Simply set up a bank of 3 way switches - one side to genset, the other to main panel. No overall transfer switch, only one appliance at a time switched downstream of main breaker load CBs.
FWIW, I am sure some AHJs would take issue with the fact that the snap switches are not listed as manual transfer switches.
In the same circumstances I would probably wire it that way myself.
 
The largest motor is a key item. The generator should say how large of an HVAC unit or motor it will start. My 12KW portable says it will start most 4 Ton AC units. There is usually about 1HP per ton. The well pump should be smaller than the HVAC unit, but you still need something left after you've started the HVAC compressor, especially if you're trying to start a well pump motor.

I usually have power outages in winter and not summer, so I'm not planning to run the AC unit. The 12KW is way more than needed to power this house, which has gas for just about anything that makes heat. Bought it for my last house that was all electric.
 
No matter what size PORTABLE generator you get you will not be able to run a central AC unit (even if it has a 50A receptacle on it - just a point of info).
Not true. There's a company or two that makes something called a soft start that allows big AC units to start on small generators. I've never used one, but I've heard good things about them.
 
Modern high SEER units draw much less current than older ones. My 16 SEER, 3 ton units draws less than 15 amps when running. As long as the generator can handle the starting current there isn't a problem.
 
The largest motor is a key item. The generator should say how large of an HVAC unit or motor it will start. My 12KW portable says it will start most 4 Ton AC units. There is usually about 1HP per ton. The well pump should be smaller than the HVAC unit, but you still need something left after you've started the HVAC compressor, especially if you're trying to start a well pump motor.

I usually have power outages in winter and not summer, so I'm not planning to run the AC unit. The 12KW is way more than needed to power this house, which has gas for just about anything that makes heat. Bought it for my last house that was all electric.
The mini-split can be used for heating or cooling but in this case we are concerned with heat because like you said, the outtakes are in winter
 
As long as the generator can handle the starting current there isn't a problem.
That's the key. YOU know what you're doing as I'm sure others here in the Forum do as well. But, the average HO doesn't have any concept of what it takes to manage their electrical loads. It's 100 degrees outside, it's raining, I need my sump pump on, my fridge working, my TV on, my computer on and above all I want to be cool while doing this BUT, I only invested in a small generator to run all these things :)

For those of you who ran their 3 ton AC units with a portable generator, that's a rarity. I have a 10KW Generac unit with auto xfer. If I forget and leave my 3 ton AC unit on and there's a power outage, the draw on the generator is strong enough that the Nexus switch will sense the excessive draw and will lock out the unit.
 
For those of you who ran their 3 ton AC units with a portable generator, that's a rarity. I have a 10KW Generac unit with auto xfer. If I forget and leave my 3 ton AC unit on and there's a power outage, the draw on the generator is strong enough that the Nexus switch will sense the excessive draw and will lock out the unit.
That's why you need a dumb portable generator. Your system is too smart. :)
 
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