The NEC is a NFPA publication. In Fire College we were shown movies about how the NFPA comes up with the metrics used in their standards. I'll use exit capacity as an example (because that's one particular movie clip I particularly remember). They set up cameras in a stadium, an arena, a theater, etc. and watch people coming and going, what happens during alarm conditions, etc. They monitor hallways, stairs, doors, etc. That's how they came up with 0.2" exit width capacity per person on a stair and 0.3" per person through a door (or vice versa; it's been a while).
So I would suspect they set up a camera (or just stood there) and watched an electrician working on some electrical equipment, gave consideration for the height & width of most electricians, the amount of space he needs to work safely, and went from there.