Re: locking breakers on
You also asked about disconnects. Those devices have no capability to open on their own, such as to clear a fault or to open on an overload. So it is certainly acceptable to lock them on. Anyone who needs to open a disconnect for maintenance may have to take the extra time to find the person with the key, but that is not a safety issue. The NEC is only concerned with safety.
That being said, I recall some discussions about the use of a disconnect as an emergency shutoff (i.e., a person?s clothing is caught in a machine, and you need to turn it off now). Clearly, if a disconnect were locked on, it would not serve that function. But I don?t think it is an NEC issue anyway. I think the disconnects that the NEC requires to be installed (e.g., for motors and for controllers) are there for maintenance, not for use as emergency shutoffs. Anyone have a different opinion on this matter?
By the way, just our of curiosity, is there some controversy in your office that leads you to ask the question?