Here's the best troubleshooting tip I can give you:
Plug a 3-wire extension cord into a known-properly-wired receptacle, and carry the female end up the ladder with you, along with a solenoid-type tester. The cord gives you a reference hot, neutral, and EGC against which to test each of the wires in the box.
Keep in mind that the cords hot may be on the same or opposite phase as that of the box, but that is of minor consequence, since you're looking for power between the cord's hot and the box's white, and between the cords neutral slot and the box's black.
This will immediately tell you which conductor the open is in (don't forget to turn the switch on), and once you determine that, go to the switch box and perform the same tests. If everything is normal there, you have the one-in-a-million case of bad wire.
You can use the cord's EGC to assure which wire is hot relative to earth, regardless of its color. This will also help you determine whether the switching is in the hot conductor. Remember, it worked in the past; something has changed. You need to find it.