I must not understand your question as 832A is 300kVA/208*1.7321. Then you downsize to the next breaker since it is over 800A which would be a 800A breaker.
I think we just said the same thing, but got there a different path.
In terms of transformer protection (not conductor protection) what Code section prohibits you from going to the "next largest" when the OCP is over 800 amps ?
OP did not mention conductor size and if the conductor were protected, would would 450.3(a) not allow you to go to a 1000 amp ?
I don't see how you could put 800A of conductors in and protect it with a 1000A breaker.
I am making an assumption he is talking about secondary protection only since he mentioned 800A. Table 450.3(B) says it can't be more than 125% of the current rating. Note 1 does say you can go up to the next size, but you still have to honor 240.4(C). So I guess you can put a 1000A breaker in there as long as the conductor are rated for 1000A. I don't see how you could put 800A of conductors in and protect it with a 1000A breaker.