Smallest I've ever done was 2". Government/defense contract required a mandrel. Only break we got was when e demonstrated that the mandrel would get hung up in factory 90's - at that point, they agreed to let us downsize one pipe size (4" was now allowed to be done with a 3 1/2"....etc). I'm more of a fan of a good backfill so if it's PVC that proper fill is used to at least bed the pipe and get SOME intelligent cover on it before "natural fill" gets brought up to grade.