In general terms, if you vary the voltage to a motor, the product of the motor's applied voltage times its running current is going to be constant. If for example you use a voltage that is lower than the rated voltage, the current will be high, and that might lead to damage from overheating.
If a motor is supplied with a voltage that is 15% above its rating, the running current will be about 86% of what it should be. Current is directly related to developed torque. So the motor will not give you the amount of torque it is designed to give. As a result, the motor (and pump) will run a bit slow, and that too can lead to overheating.
Bottom line: Will the motor run? Probably. Will it be able to do the required mechanical work? I cannot say. Will it suffer damage from overheating? I cannot say that either.
If you are lucky, the motor will be dual rated, so that anywhere from 208 to 240 will be acceptable. But depending on luck is never a good idea, especially when there is as much at stake as you are facing. Without being able to see the motor's nameplate, or to otherwise determine its rating (for example by looking at the design drawings used to install the motor or by looking at the sales records from when the motor was purchased), I cannot recommend using a voltage other than 208. That might best be achieved by using a step-down transformer.