New to the forum. I need some advice on this exisiting service.

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theophilus

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West Virginia
Hi there,

I've been doing electrical work for a while now. I must admit, I've never liked the thought of feeder taps. I don't like the fact that they aren't protected from a primary source. After reading some of the older posts here though, it seems if done properly, they can fall within code guidelines. Now, I am by far no master of the code. However, I do want what I do to be right and I am working on increasing my code knowledge. Without further adieu here is what I'm faced with.


This is an old single story school building, block mostly with a wooden frame roof. Old fiber tile ceiling with newer drop ceiling installed below. Converting to office space for several computer stations. We were called in to run more receptacles for the computer cubicles.

200 amp overhead service drop 120/240v 1ph which comes into a 200a fused switch type disconnect.
From the load side of this disconnect, from large lugs they are feeding:
  • a 100A fused disconnect which is feeding a main lug 100A 20sp breaker box (within 10')
  • a 125A Main breaker panel 20sp (within 10')
  • a 125A backfed breaker in a 200amp main lug GE panel (probably 85' away and going through 3 block walls, in conduit)
The wire they are using to feed these seems to be sized correctly for the 1st and 3rd listings, the 2nd one is an AL feeder which I need a bit more inspection on. I know AL and CU shouldn't be under the same terminal.

From what I've read around 240.21, the 1st and 2nd listing may be alright. They are in the same electrical room and not more than 10' away in conduit.

Now the 3rd listing travels, in conduit, between the two ceilings and penetrates three of the block walls. This one seems in violation.

This building uses a gas boiler/radiator system for heat. Gas for the water heater as well. There is no real large loads on the building.

Would you guys leave this service alone, just fixing the 3rd listing? Or would you upgrade the whole thing?

I would like to see the service size increased for potential use/expansion of more of the old classrooms for office spaces.

This is what I am proposing. To install a 400A meter with the two built in disconnects and install (2) 200A breaker boxes inside this electrical room. One will replace the 2nd listing totally and re-feed the 3rd listing from a rated breaker. The other 200Amp breaker box will re-feed the 1st listing.

I also am not wild about the fact they have a 40 space main lug panel being backfed with a 125A snap in breaker. Is this something you guys would change? I've pondered changing this out to a 100A 20sp main breaker panel, thereby decreasing the potential and/or temptation for overload. All the while still protected from a branch breaker in my new system or protected from a fused disconnect from a feeder tap of the old system.

Thanks for any insight. I have been wrestling with this for a few days as to change it or just correct it. I've been leaning towards replacing it myself. Based on the sq ft calc for lighting and rec loads the 200A is too small. The 400A would cover it, merely based on that calc. The more I type the more I'm talking myself into it.

Again, thanks for any advice.
 
If the 200 amps is large enough for the building then I would fix the violation. If you don't like taps then install a 200 amp panel in place of the disconnect and add 3 breakers for those panels.
 
Without looking at the actual load or a calculated load it's difficult to say which would be best.
No air conditioning load ?
You are correct the long "tap" is a violation. You also mentioned "large lug". Unless the lug is listed for the number of conductors terminated it would be a violation. Off hand, I know of no single hole lug rated for three conductors.
My guess would be eventually they will need to go with your 400 amp plan. If they are willing to address that now, it sounds like "your" job. If they wait, the upgrade might be someone easel's job.:D
 
Multiple conductors in lugs and mixing copper and aluminum in same connection are separate issues from feeder tap rules.

Why do you have issue with feeder taps? There is protection in a properly installed feeder tap. There are size and length limits to the tap conductors to prevent possible overheating of conductors in the event of short circuit or ground faults, and the tap always ends at overcurrent device that will limit overloading of the tap.

Outdoor feeder taps are allowed to be unlimited in length, but if they do melt down are not going to burn down a building either.

Feeder taps are very common and in some cases are a little difficult to avoid having a tap even if it is a very short distance.

Transformer secondaries are for the most part a feeder tap.
 
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