This is part of lightning protection systems, something that is usually done by specialists. Because LPS is not in the NEC it is not discuss very much on this forum.
An extremely simply explanation is:
The concept of a rolling sphere deals with the height of a 'lightning rod'/aerial and how far away from the rod tip does it protect. Imagine a ball with a diameter the same height as the aerial, now roll that ball across all of the flat surfaces, like a roof, the area touched by the ball/sphere would be considered as protected.