Nominal Voltage

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Dan Sprute

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Many, many folks, especially old folks, refer to nominal voltage as 110 220 and 440 Volts.
According to the 2005 NEC Voltage, nominal will be 120, 240 and 480 Volts.
? Article 100 Voltage, nominal (definition)
? 220.5 Calculations and
? Annex D Examples
This is a good call because 120V times the square root of 3 equals 208V rounded, and 480V divided by the square root of 3 equals roughly 277V. That doesn?t work out if you use 110V or 115V or 440V or 460V. So the NEC specifies the proper voltage levels so that calculations work out mathematically accurate for wye connected systems.
This was not true of the NEC previous to 1984. If you look at Article 900 B (Examples) in the 1981 NEC, Voltage, nominal to be used for calculations was specified as 115V and 230V.
I have copies of the NEC going back to 1953 and the same is true back to that point. I have reviewed the first NEC circa 1889 which is/was posted on Mike Holts web site. It makes no mention of specific nominal voltages.
My question is at what point, if ever, did the NEC last specify nominal voltage to be 110V and 220V. Do you know? Or if not, do you know where there would be an archive of past NEC books, available for review. It is interesting to review the older codes. They can help you understand the design that went into wiring older existing structures. For instance I would also like to review the codes that required bathroom light switches to be located on the outside of the bathroom entry, and the requirement for kitchen appliance circuits when only one was required per kitchen. Knowing when the article was first changed would clue an electrician in on what to expect in a home or commercial building determined by the year that it was built.
 
Re: Nominal Voltage

It really doesn't matter what you call the voltage. What really matters is what is actually and measurably there. For the purposes of calculations, a nominal voltage provides the most accurate account of typical supply voltages of today, so I agree the code makes sense.
 
Re: Nominal Voltage

Originally posted by Dan Sprute:
This is a good call because 120V times the square root of 3 equals 208V rounded, and 480V divided by the square root of 3 equals roughly 277V. That doesn?t work out if you use 110V or 115V or 440V or 460V. So the NEC specifies the proper voltage levels so that calculations work out mathematically accurate for wye connected systems.
Having taken a few college physics, calculus and math analysis classes, all I can say is, 'HUH'?
:confused:
 
Re: Nominal Voltage

So, nominal voltage used to be 115, and now it is 120. Ya never heard of inflation? :D

You post is a bit hard to follow. But I think the one thing you are asking for is access to copies of earlier versions of the NEC. Is that right? If so, I can't help you. The oldest I have is 1996.
 
Re: Nominal Voltage

If anyone know of a source, I'd also like to review older versions of NEC. My father had copies going back to the 1950's but decided to throw them away when he moved about 4 years ago. As OP mentioned bathroom switches being outside the bath, I had just had a conversation regarding that 3 days ago.
 
Re: Nominal Voltage

This is a good call because 120V times the square root of 3 equals 208V rounded, and 480V divided by the square root of 3 equals roughly 277V. That doesn?t work out if you use 110V or 115V or 440V or 460V. So the NEC specifies the proper voltage levels so that calculations work out mathematically accurate for wye connected systems.
Not true. The equations work for any nominal voltage. That's the definition of an equation. It still works when the numbers change. When the nominal voltage (L-N) was 115V, the nominal L-L voltage would have been 115*sqrt(3) or 200V instead of 208V.

Steve
 
Re: Nominal Voltage

My employer has a copy of the 1940 NEC Handbook. I can't find where it talks about nominal voltages, but it does mention both 120/208V 3 phase systems, and 115/230 volt systems.

Currently, nominal supply voltages are 120/208V, 120/240V, and 277/480V. Those are supply voltages. Motors are rated slightly less. It is assumed some voltage will be dropped across the wiring to the motor. Thus, motors are currently rated at 115V for a motor intended to be connected to a 120V supply, 200V for a 208V supply, 230V for a 240V supply, and 460V for a 460V supply.

To add another complication, I believe you are correct that the nominal supply voltage has been slowly raised over the years. (I have read a couple of sources that state this is the case. Can't remember exactly where though). I believe the voltage was raised in 2.5 volt steps. So in addition to 110V, 115V, and 120V, you will hear people mention 117 or 117.5 volts. I think there was also a time when the nominal supply voltage was 112V, but for some reason, people don't ever seem to refer to that number.

Steve
 
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