Re: OCPD SIZE
For derating, ampacity of 12 THHN is 30 amps, but after derating can exceed 20 amps, but see section 240.3
Derating is given in Table 310-15(b)(a). If there were 15 current carrying conductors you would derate 50%. But are all the conductors current carrying? Typically grounded conductors don't count, unless for harmonic loads.
The amount of current does not matter, the circuit ampacity is determined by the OCPD.