Maybe, maybe not.
First off, a LOT of 480-208Y120 transformers have the 480 side configured as Delta, so there would be no 277 available if that's the case.
Second, if they DO have a 480/277 Wye primary on that transformer, the transformer must specifically STATE that it can be used in reverse (step-up) configuration, either on the nameplate or in manufacturer's data, and if being inspected, you should have that manufacturer's data at the ready when the AHJ shows up. Then if they do use it, they must NOT connect the XO terminal on the 208V side.