"shunt-trip" normally refers to an electro-mechanical device built into (or field-installed in) a breaker to "trip" it upon applying power remotely..
They are often used in situations such as shutting off power to a panel or equipment when a fire system is activated.
First off there are many different kinds of shunt trip breakers.
The ones I have worked with look pretty much like any breaker but with a pair of black 16 AWG leads hanging out the side of it. If the breaker is on and you supply those leads with power (usually 120 volts) the breaker will trip.
A common use of these breakers is to shut down cooking equipment in commercial kitchens if the fire suppression system is triggered.
It is also used sometimes to shut off building power by firemen from an external location, there has been some debate whether this is a legal disconnecting means, but as far as the fire marshal is concerned it is used for that purpose. I have also used it to disconnect non critical loads from generators to satisfy fire pump power requirements.
Basically, it's a breaker with extra leads or terminals on them (similar to GFI or AFCI types) that you apply power to. That power shuts the breaker off.
Most branch-circuit ST breakers require an extra 'space' in the panel. IE, a SP shunt trip will be the same size as a 2-pole.
often used in large computer , rooms back in the day when they used halon as fire suppression,most traffic signal breakers 6 -15 amp are of the shunt trip type ,one trips it will put the signal on flash ?