You can power any 3 phase pump from a single phase supply. There are issues to contend with however.
When you power a 3 phase motor from a single phase supply, the motor nameplate FLA value will result in a draw from the supply that is 1.732 x that. So if you have a 20HP 230V 3 phase motor with an FLA of around 50A, the 1-phase current to feed it will be at least 87A which, if you have a 100A service or a 200A with a lot of other loads, may be too much.
In addition, you must double the size of the VFD. Not only to cover the 1.732 multiplier on current capacity of the rectifier front-end, but also to provide added capacitance for the DC bus because 1-phase power results in added ripple current. So now for your 20HP motor you must buy a 40HP VFD. Then the code says you must size the circuit for a MINIMUM of 125% of the VFDs MAXIMUM current rating, not the rating of the motor it is running. So a typical 40HP 230V VFD will be rated for 115A max, which means the circuit feeding it must be capable of 143A.
Another "gotcha" is to make sure your VFD is capable of accepting 1 phase input. Most small ones (under 5HP) do, but once you get beyond that there are some that have phase loss protection that cannot be defeated. If you end up with one of those, it will not work, so just be careful.
So for most typical installations, 25HP on a single phase service is probably the practical limit, but only if you have a lightly loaded 200A service.
