It is called an open neutral as the others posted (nice example 480).
In comparing with the 3-phase version of "single-phasing", you would have "lost one leg" and have 120 volts to neutral on one leg and 0 or ?? volts to neutral on the other. To describe it as "single-phasing" in this case, you would have to subscribe to the notion that 120/240 is a two-phase service. While technically correct, it is not industry-standard nomenclature for this type service.