Not if it stops short of the panel and then you use an SEU/SER connector for the cable entering the panel.
Otherwise, if you connect the PVC to the panel, it is no longer a sleeve, as it then becomes a raceway. Code requires raceways to be installed complete between terminations. There are only a few instances which Code specifically permits a one-termination raceway, so the key here is to provide a compliant transition from the cable to the raceway, where the cable enters the raceway... and you will have satisfied the Code.