Soft Starters and Power Factor Conditioning?

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bwright

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I am new to this forum and looking forward to learning from the collective wisdom of everyone who shares their knowledge and experiences.

If you don't mind, please share with me your experiences, knowledge and views regarding soft starters and devices designed to condition power (improve power factor).

Thanks!:smile:

Bill
 
bwright said:
I am new to this forum and looking forward to learning from the collective wisdom of everyone who shares their knowledge and experiences.

If you don't mind, please share with me your experiences, knowledge and views regarding soft starters and devices designed to condition power (improve power factor).

Thanks!:smile:

Bill

Soft starters are a good idea when you get to fairly large motors, especially if your service is getting to the point where it can't provide a whole lot more juice.

The most common devices used for power factor correction are capacitors. Usually supplied because the power company charges you extra if you have a poor power factor.
 
Soft Starters are typically used on high starting inertia loads, such as a centrifuge. The soft start will reduce the mechanical jarring and lenthen the useful life of the equipemnt. Once the motor is up to full speed, typically an across the line contactor will energize so the SCR's wont have to carry the ampacity. The soft start can also be configured to perform a controlled deceleration of the motor and load.

Power factor correction is another situation and I'll let some of the others contribute on that issue.

Welcome to the board!
 
Power factor correction makes reactive loads (such as motors) look more like real loads (such as a resistor) to the power company. By supplying the power to the load as real power rather than reactive power, the current demand is lower and thus lowers I^2R power loss in the transmission lines. Power factor correction also lowers harmonic distortion of the supplied voltage, which is friendlier to other equipment on the line.
 
If the nature of your question was with regards to how the two issues coincide, they DON'T! They usually collide.

PFC caps are best when used as close to the motor as possible. That provides the maximum benefit in terms of reducing loses in conductors etc. In addition, you do NOT want PFC caps to be on line when the associated motor is not, otherwise you end up over correcting your entire system, making a leading power factor which can be just as bad as a lagging one. For those reasons, the best method of connecting PFC caps is to have them wired down stream of the motor starter, at or near the motor.

That is where they conflict with soft starters. When a soft starter begins firing into a circuit with capacitors, the fast rise time of the capacitor charging current looks like a short circuit to the SCRs in the soft starter. Current flows too quickly through them, creating a condition called dI/dt which stands for delta I (current) over delta t (time), a way of describing a steep change in current. That can cause the SCRs to "self commutate" or turn themselves on without a gate signal, meaning they will fire when you don't want them to fire, and that leads to their becoming damaged / shorted. At the same time, until the SCRs short, they are firing in what is called a "phase angle" method, which creates a lot of harmonics. Normally it is so short as to not bother a motor, but a capacitor on the other hand will absorb those harmonic currents as heat, which can swell the capacitors and cause them to fail. So when PFC caps are located down stream of SCRs, such as in a soft starter, it's usually a race to see which one fails first; the caps or the soft starter.

You can still use PFC caps with soft starters, but the trick is to have a separate contactor tapping power off up stream of the soft starter to feed the capacitors, then only close that PFC cap contactor AFTER the soft starter has finished ramping.
 
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