You need to read Articles 700, 701 and 702.
The first thing you need to know is that the terms
Emergency Systems
Legally Required Standby Systems
Optional Standby Systems
Have specific meanings and very different code requirements.
Also you need to know that the NEC does not tell us if, or when we need any of those systems. The NEC tells us how to install those systems once the decision to have them has been made by other codes or customer wishes.