Annex D of the NEC has a few good examples to study from.
This is as basic as it gets:
Step 1: Find the FLC of motor using Article 430 tables.
Step 2: Find motor running overload protection per 430.32
Step 3: Find branch circuit conductor size per 430.22
Step 4: Find branch circuit overcurrent protection per 430.52
Step 5: Find motor feeder conductor size per 430.24
Step 6: Find feeder overcurrent protection per 430.62