Tapping Circuits

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Im still learning the trade, my question is about tapping circuits.

Theres this old house(duplex) that have a 100 amp old panel with the screw in type fuses, As some of you know there arent much room in those for more circuits.
I noticed that over time they installed a dryer circuit and of course a hot water heater. My problem is that they used breakers instead of fuses (because there wasnt enough room of course)

They tapped off of the main feed that was feeding the old 100 amp panel and mounted a seperate box with a 30 amp breaker in it to feed the water heater and another one for the dryer. Is this Legal?? Is this to Code?? Was ever allowed back then when they were making the breakers instead of fuses?

My understanding is that you can tap branch circuits from OTHER branch circuits in the same dwelling under SPECIAL conditions but it is NOT allowed in a residential dwelling to tap off the MAIN FEED for branch circuits in that residential dwelling.

I thought every circuit in the House had to be able to be shut off from the main disconnect to the house EVEN in the old days. Correct me if im wrong, cause im having trouble finding the answer in the Nec to support my position. Only thing ive found is 230.70 "Means shall be provided to disconnect ALL conductors in a building or other structure from the service entrance conductors"
 
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