Xfmr Bond

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paul renshaw

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Good afternoon,
This is something I felt that I should share with you guys. The attached photo is from a transformer in our facility that feeds the outside lighting, and just shows how important proper grounding and bonding is. We had erratic voltage and an energized pole on our system because of a short circuit and the lack of a low impedance fault current return path. The guys came to me scratching their heads, so I went to help investigate. As you can see in the photo, two lugs bolted side by side showed infinity ohms on the meter, sounds impossible right? When you metered between the two lugs while energized, there was 120 volts between them due to the lack of continuity (bonding) to XO of the transformer. They were bolted through the transformer slots and not to a bus bar or tapped to the frame, and the paint was never cleaned off, as required by code. I'm not sure who did this work, but we are going to be checking other transformers in that building also.
 

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one might wonder why someone would not use the handy ground stud provided in most transformers to make these connections.
I don't think I have ever installed a transformer, of the type in this thread, that had a manufacturer provided ground stud.
 
Installations like this one are the reason for the new rule in 450.10(A) in the 2014 code.

could someone post this , I don't have 2014 , but I believe it relates to the ground bar being bolted to solid portion of transformer cabinate, not the slotted portion
 
one might wonder why someone would not use the handy ground stud provided in most transformers to make these connections.

You and I must see different transformers.:)

Virtually none of the 30 to 1000 kva dry type transformers I have seen or installed provide a grounding means.

Besides, a single stud would not work well for the number and size of conductors typically needed. The EGCs and the system bonding jumper all need to land on the transformer enclosure.
 
could someone post this , I don't have 2014 , but I believe it relates to the ground bar being bolted to solid portion of transformer cabinate, not the slotted portion
450.10 Grounding. (A) Dry-Type Transformer Enclosures. Where separate equipment grounding conductors and supply-side bonding jumpers
a re installed, a terminal bar for all grounding and bonding conductor connections shall be secured inside the transformer enclosure. The terminal bar shall be bonded to the enclosure in accordance with 250.12 and shall not be installed on or over any vented portion of the enclosure.

Exception: Where a dry-type transformer is equipped with wire-type connections (leads), the grounding and bonding connections shall be permitted to be connected together using any of the methods in 250.8 and shall be bonded to the enclosure if of metal.
 
450.10 Grounding. (A) Dry-Type Transformer Enclosures. Where separate equipment grounding conductors and supply-side bonding jumpers
a re installed, a terminal bar for all grounding and bonding conductor connections shall be secured inside the transformer enclosure. The terminal bar shall be bonded to the enclosure in accordance with 250.12 and shall not be installed on or over any vented portion of the enclosure.

Exception: Where a dry-type transformer is equipped with wire-type connections (leads), the grounding and bonding connections shall be permitted to be connected together using any of the methods in 250.8 and shall be bonded to the enclosure if of metal.

...thanks Don, I continue to see ground bars mounted on bottom on vents, but not all jurisdictions are on the 2014 code cycle yet
 
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